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Bulgarian History
Published on: 15/12/2006 # 4 century B.C.: Thracian tribes settled in the Balkan Peninsula.# 7 century B.C.: Greeks founded the first Black Sea colonies: Odesos (Varna), Mesembrya (Nessebar), Dionisopolis (Balchik)
# 5/4 century B.C.: Growth of the Thracian kingdom.
# 4/3 century B.C.: The Balkans fell under the power of the Roman Empire.
# 681-1018: Foundation of the first Bulgarian State. Its capital was Pliska. It was ruled by a khan (a tsar).
# 855: Cyrilus and Metodius created the Bulgarian alphabet.
# 865: Tsar Boris became converted to Christianity and all the people accepted the cultural and religious canon.
# 893-927: Under Tsar Simeon the First Bulgarian State reached its vigorous political and military growth. It is the greatest extension of the Bulgarian territory to the German Empire.
# 927-968: Decline of the state under Tsar Petar. Despite the numerous rebellions, Bulgaria was conquered by the Byzantium Empire. Hermits like Ivan Rilsky, who founded the Rilla Monastery, refused the lay life and expressed his discontent.
# 1185-1187: The two brothers-Petar and Assen leaded a rebellion against Byzantium and in 1187 the emperor made peace with them. Tarnovo was proclaimed a new capital (1185-1393).
# 1197-1241: Under Tsar Kaloyan (1197-1279) and especially under Tsar Ivan Assen II (1218-1279) North Albania, Macedonia and Western Thracia were incorporated into the Bulgarian territory.
# 1393: Ottomans attacked Bulgaria and destroyed Tarnovo. In the next five centuries Bulgaria was converted into a region of the Ottoman Empire.
# 1876: The April Rebellion was a sign for a bloody revenge to the Ottomans. More than 20 000 Bulgarian people were killed.
# 1978: On March 3 with the San Stefano annex Bulgaria became an independent country but the southern part was under Ottoman control still 1912.
# 1912/13: Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbians attempted to eliminate the Turkish influence in the First Balkan war against Turkey. It ended with the London annex signed in May .In June the Second Balkan war started. Bulgaria was not a winner.
# 1914/18: During the First World War Bulgaria declared neutrality. Later participate took the side of Germany and Austria. In September, 1918 declared surrender. In October Ferdinand abdicated to the advantage of his son-Boris.
# 1923: A Rebellion against the government, leaded by Stamboliiski. The Prime Minister was killed.
# 1941: Bulgaria took part in the Second World War back Germany. Under the pressure of the people, Tsar Boris refused to extradite about 50 000 Bulgarian Jewish people.
# 1944: The Red Army crossed the Danube and declared war to Bulgaria.
# 1946: Monarchy turned to popular democracy with referendum. The Fatherland Front assumed power, began the time of communism.
# 1948/54: Stalinn period of Chervenkov
# 1962/89: Government of Todor Zhivkov
# 10/11/1989: Todor Zhivkov resigned. Beginning of democracy processes with the Union of democratic forces
# 1990: The first free elections-socialists won majority
# 1991: New elections, ended with a democratic government. The Union of democratic forces won 34, 4 the electors.
# 1994: Socialists won the elections
# 1996/97: High inflation; pre-term elections in April 1997 won by the united democratic forces. Ivan Kostov became a Prime minister.
# 1999: Monetary reform- Bulgarian currency was adopted to German mark and later with euro.
# 2000: Negotiating an agreement for joining EU.
# 2001: Returning of the ex– king of Bulgaria-Simeon Sax-Coburgh-Gotha who became a leader of a new party.
# April 2004: Bulgaria became a member of NATO
# 2007: Bulgaria is set to join EU
Source: visit.bg
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